The Function of Executive Function

The term "Executive Function" has varying definitions.  I think the best way to describe it is the many processes each of us uses to consistently help us get our work done.  Some compare executive function to the conductor’s responsibilities in an orchestra or an administrative assistant’s responsibilities to an executive.  

Planning, organizing, strategizing, paying attention, controlling emotion and remembering details are all essential to the success of a conductor’s or an administrative assistant’s performance.  They are essential components of executive function.

Problems with executive function (EF) may quickly be attributed to AD/HD, but executive function deficits impact a larger population than just those how are diagnosed with AD/HD.  Additionally, more pertinent and effective strategies can be developed if it’s clear where the EF break down is.  Pinpointing and understanding the break down, in a child or adult, is crucial.  Learn more by reviewing the work of Dr. Russell Barkley, Dr. Tom Brown and Dr. Mel Levine.  If you don’t have time for much research, at least consider implementing these strategies recommended by the National Center for Learning Disabilities:

General strategies

• Take step-by-step approaches to work; rely on visual organizational aids.
• Use tools like time organizers, computers or watches with alarms.
• Prepare visual schedules and review them several times a day.
• Ask for written directions with oral instructions whenever possible.
• Plan and structure transition times and shifts in activities.

Managing time

• Create checklists and "to do" lists, estimating how long tasks will take.
• Break long assignments into chunks and assign time frames for completing each chunk.
• Use visual calendars to keep track of long term assignments, due dates, chores, and activities.
• Use management software such as the Franklin Day Planner, Palm Pilot, or Lotus Organizer.
• Be sure to write the due date on top of each assignment.

Managing space and materials

• Organize work space.
• Minimize clutter.
• Consider having separate work areas with complete sets of supplies for different activities.
• Schedule a weekly time to clean and organize the work space.

Managing work

• Make a checklist for getting through assignments. For example, a student's checklist could include such items as: get out pencil and paper; put name on paper; put due date on paper; read directions; etc.
• Meet with a teacher or supervisor on a regular basis to review work; troubleshoot problems.

If you have any concerns about your child’s ability to plan, organize, strategize, pay attention, control emotion or remember details plus you are implementing the strategies listed above, make sure to talk with your child’s teacher.

It’s important to remember that executive function abilities are shaped by physical changes in the brain and by life experiences, so all that happens at home, school (and all other learning environments!) impacts executive function development.